Newly published paper: White rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis and systematic review
Quote:
Results Four articles were identified that included seven distinct prospective cohort analyses in Asian and Western populations for this study. A total of 13 284 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were ascertained among 352 384 participants with follow-up periods ranging from 4 to 22 years. Asian (Chinese and Japanese) populations had much higher white rice consumption levels than did Western populations (average intake levels were three to four servings/day versus one to two servings/week). The pooled relative risk was 1.55 (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 2.01) comparing the highest with the lowest category of white rice intake in Asian populations, whereas the corresponding relative risk was 1.12 (0.94 to 1.33) in Western populations (P for interaction=0.038). In the total population, the dose-response meta-analysis indicated that for each serving per day increment of white rice intake, the relative risk of type 2 diabetes was 1.11 (1.08 to 1.14) (P for linear trend < 0.001).
7 comments :
Did they adjust for excess energy intake?
I doubt it. That's why I interpret those results as a correlation between excess caloric intake out of carbohydrates (not just rice) and diabetes risk. It seems to corroborate a hypothesis of diabetes and mitochondrial destruction due to overfeeding by carbs alone, or by carbs in addition to calories from other macronutrients.
The upper classes who eat the most white rice also eat a diet closer to the standard American diet which could account for the increase in diabetes.It may have nothing to do with the white rice.
Hi Stan: you point out excess energy due to carbs. Is there any evidence that excess energy due to other macro nutrients aren't a problem?
Yes there is. Western statistics show stable or declining consumption of fat, increasing carbohydrates and increasing diabetes. Since 1982 McGovern committee blaming fat for heart disease, fat consumption hasn't risen in the US (while animal fat consumption has declined). At the same time, diabetes, obesity, cancer and heart disease has risen since 1981 (though heart disease mortality remained stable).
If an excess energy may be the problem as in the mitochondrial hypothesis, then in theory, it can come either from consuming excessive fat or excessive carbohydrates. However, the facts show that since fat remained more less constant while carbohydrates has risen then logically, one is more inclined to blame the latter rather than the former.
H.
RE: The upper classes who eat the most white rice also eat a diet closer to the standard American diet which could account for the increase in diabetes.It may have nothing to do with the white rice.
JC, I don't believe it is the upper classes that eat white rice, what I saw is that everybody poor and rich eats rice in Asia. I never saw anyone eating brown rice there. However, the recent increase in diabetes may indeed be contributed to by the wheat based junk food, from the mcdonalds etc. Wheat and sweet beverages stimulate the appetite thus rice may be false positive coincidence. I agree with Fuhrman when he described rice as being the Asian diet's weakness rather than a strength. Mind you, I think rice is still not as bad as wheat (*) but being "less bad" is not the same as "good". (Except in the economy) 8-:)
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P.S.
*) I don't believe in that study's another recommendation stating that whole grains food is better than rice. I suspect it's another false correlation. China Study has clearly showed (1 and 2) that wheat correlates strongly with heart disease, while rice (and animal produce) correlate negatively.
RE: The upper classes who eat the most white rice also eat a diet closer to the standard American diet which could account for the increase in diabetes.It may have nothing to do with the white rice.
Typically, they eat about the same amount. If anything, less well off people probably eat more since the better off tend to displace the amount of rice they eat with meat/fish. In my personal experience, rice is the lesser part of the meal. The people that I know and eat with, would typically eat 2 servings per day of c. 30-35g(dry weight), the rest being meat/fish and veggies. That's not too far from Atkins.
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